The ocean, often known as the silent world, is increasingly becoming noisy due to human activities. This growing phenomenon, underwater noise pollution, is a rising issue that poses significant threats to marine ecosystems. Unlike more visible forms of pollution, such as oil spills or plastic waste, noise pollution cannot be seen, which is less obvious yet equally harmful to the oceans.
Underwater noise pollution is when harmful or disruptive sounds disturb the marine environment. These sounds primarily originate from human activities such as shipping, industrial operations, military exercises, and offshore construction. Although noise is a natural part of the ocean environment, with sounds from waves, marine life, and seismic activity, the intensity and frequency of human-made noise have escalated dramatically, leading to harmful consequences for marine life.
There are various major Sources of Underwater Noise Pollution. First of all, shipping traffic is one of the major factors. Since the global economy relies heavily on marine transport, thousands of ships navigate the seas every day. The machineries of these ships, including the engines and propellers continuously produce low-frequency noise that can travel long distances underwater. This noise overlaps with the frequencies many marine animals use for communication, making it difficult for them to communicate, navigate, or detect predators. Other than this, seismic surveys and military sonar also threaten the underwater species through sound. To find underwater oil and gas, seismic surveys are conducted using air guns that emit powerful sound waves. These blasts are repeated every few seconds and can be heard for miles underwater, which disturb marine habitats. Navies use sonar systems to detect submarines and other underwater threats. However, these systems emit high-intensity pulses that can disorient marine animals, cause hearing loss, and even lead to physical injuries or death. Beaked whales, in particular, are highly sensitive to these sounds and are often the major victims.
Underwater noise pollution is a silent but significant threat to marine ecosystems. While it may not be as visible as other forms of pollution, its impact on marine life is profound and far-reaching. However, with increased awareness, stricter regulations, and technological innovations, it is possible to reduce this harmful noise and protect the ocean environments.
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