A distinct tribe of women, the Haenyeo, has a fascinating legacy in the deep sea. These exceptional divers have captured the world’s attention with their extraordinary aquatic skills and an old tradition of gathering seafood without the aid of modern technology. They are primarily from Jeju Island, Korea.
The history of the Haenyeo dates back centuries, rooted in the enduring resilience of the women of Jeju Island. Often depicted as symbols of hardship and unyielding strength, these divers venture into the unforgiving depths of the sea, where they face the ever-present risk to their lives. Without the aid of modern mechanical devices like oxygen tanks, they carry forth their tradition.
This time-honored tradition requires skill, resilience, and the boundless expanse of the ocean. Known locally as 'Muljil,' this unique vocation finds its roots in a long history of several centuries. The keepers of this valuable knowledge are Haenyeo, also known as "sea women." The skill of ‘muljil’ is obtained through long-term training and experience. Most start the journey of Haenyeo with the training of swimming and diving at the age of approximately eight, and by the time they reach 15, they are more like the real Haenyeos, although the expertise is yet to come. Starting their journey at the tender age of 15, they often pass the age of 70 or 80.
‘Muljil' demands seemingly superhuman abilities obtained through dedication and countless practices. Holding their breath for a minimum of one minute and navigating the intense water pressure at depths of up to 15 meters are just glimpses of the skills they master. These women must possess a deep understanding of the underwater world, sensing the water pressure and oxygen levels and estimating the distance to the water's surface. Every dive is a solitary endeavor, demanding precise control over the duration of their underwater exploration.
This profession also requires an array of physical abilities, from eyes and ears, that can endure water pressure. However, 'muljil' is more of a physical thing. The wisdom is passed down through generations, such as the ability to control physical strength, maintain health, and understand the ocean. Their wealth of experience is invaluable, offering guidance in survival beneath the waves.
The cultural significance of Haenyeos was recognized in 2016 by UNESCO. The Haenyeo tradition was designated as an ‘ Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity’. This prestigious acknowledgment has helped safeguard their heritage, raise international awareness, and secure support for preserving their way of life.
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