These days, plastics play an integral part in human lives due to their convenience and numerous benefits. Nonetheless, the detrimental consequences of humans’ reliance on plastics cannot be ignored, especially in marine ecosystems. The threat plastic waste poses to the ecosystem is a significant and alarming issue, endangering the lives of marine animals. The detrimental consequences of plastic pollution need people's attention and continuing efforts to preserve the marine environment.
Plastic pollution is a significant and widespread problem that poses a direct threat to wildlife and their habitats. It occurs when plastic waste accumulates in the environment, particularly in oceans and rivers. The issue has gained global attention due to its detrimental effects on marine animals and the overall environment. The primary sources of plastic pollution include improper disposal of plastics, excessive production and usage of plastic materials, and the release of large quantities of plastic debris without a proper waste management system. Common causes of pollution include everyday items like plastic bags, single-use spoons, microplastics, and various packaging materials. The persistence of plastic in the environment is a major concern as it takes an extremely long time to biodegrade. Depending on the type of plastic and environmental conditions, decomposition can range from 20 to 500 years. This longevity exacerbates the problem, as plastic remains present in the environment for extended periods, causing ongoing harm.
Plastic pollution poses a significant threat to both small and large marine creatures. From tiny plankton, shrimp, and jellyfish to majestic sharks, whales, and large fish, no marine animal is spared from its damaging effects. The presence of plastic debris in the ocean endangers wildlife by exposing them to toxic chemicals and physical harm. When marine animals ingest plastic particles, which happens frequently, it can lead to internal organ damage and external injuries. The United Nations reports that at least 800 species are impacted by marine debris, with plastic accounting for 80% of the litter worldwide. It is estimated that a staggering 13 million metric tons of plastic find their way into the ocean every year. The consumption of plastic debris has severe consequences for fish, seabirds, sea turtles, and marine mammals, including suffocation, starvation, and drowning. When marine animals mistakenly ingest plastic, not only it impedes their ability to breathe properly, but also creates a false sense of fullness, leading to reduced food intake and, ultimately, death by starvation. Additionally, the ingestion of plastic particles can cause weight gain, leading to an increased risk of drowning.
In addition to ingestion, they also fall victim to entanglement in abandoned plastic packaging and much other plastic debris, which causes them to have an inability to move.
When animals become trapped in plastic, their freedom of movement is severely restricted, resulting in a range of accidents and illnesses. The consequences of becoming entangled in plastic are devastating. They often experience choking, starvation, and even the loss of limbs. Moreover, their reduced mobility makes them easy targets for predators. Turtles, in particular, are known to become entangled in plastic quite easily. These creatures have yet to recognize the harmful nature of these objects, and instead of perceiving them as hazards, they often interact and play with plastic items found floating in the ocean, unknowingly becoming entrapped.
The disastrous consequences of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems need urgent attention and corresponding actions to lessen its destructive impact on marine life. It requires great effort and time to minimise plastic waste, enhance the marine ecosystem, and raise awareness.
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